Knowledge base

Introducing NetXpert: Your Personal Skills Assessor

At Mpirical, we know that training is most effective when it’s targeted. That’s why we’ve developed NetXpert, our latest training tool designed to take the guesswork out of skills development. Whether you’re a learner or a team manager, NetXpert ...

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29th June 2025

Rogue Base Station Location Tracking Techniques

Mobile phones are a constant presence in our lives, enabling communication with friends, easy navigation, and access to information instantly. However, alongside the conveniences of cellular networks come potential security risks, one of which is a ...

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14th May 2025

Wi-Fi 7

Wi-Fi Evolution Wi-Fi 7, officially released in January 2024 under the IEEE 802.11be standard, represents a significant evolution in wireless networking. Designed to meet the growing demands of high-throughput, low-latency applications, the ...

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15th April 2025

How FWA is Revolutionising Last-Mile Connectivity

In today’s digital world, connectivity is not just a luxury – it’s a necessity. However, the “last mile” of connectivity, the final leg that brings high-speed internet to homes and businesses, has always been one of the biggest challenges in ...

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7th March 2025

Game Changers

Forecasting future trends is inherently challenging, but certain technologies stand out as game changers for 5G: Quantum Computing, Artificial Intelligence, and eXtended Reality. Quantum Computing Quantum computing harnesses the principles of ...

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14th February 2025

Digital DNA

Introduction The technology landscape is shifting rapidly, driven by growing demands from customers and other stakeholders for sustainable, ethical practices and impactful technology use that can bring meaningful change. As we transition into a ...

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7th February 2025

5G Inside

Mobile Service Providers have spent billions of dollars investing in 5G across many countries, but its rollout has been a lot slower than expected. This may be due to global issues such as the pandemic, high infrastructure costs, and economic ...

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31st January 2025

AI+

2024 emerged as a breakout year for AI. Further improvements to LLMs allowed for multi-modal content generation, and the increased efficiency and reduced cost of foundational models allowed for an increasing number of AI use cases. We saw ...

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27th January 2025

Network APIs: Exposing 5G’s Network Capabilities

We’ve already seen many discussions surrounding how expensive 5G is to implement, which has led to a diversification in revenue streams for MNOs (Mobile Network Operators). One of the most heavily discussed revenue streams currently is CPaaS ...

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19th December 2024

How 5G Supports Lawful Interception

The idea of a government being able to intercept its citizens’ communications is that of an Orwellian novel. In reality, to a degree, communication interception is a possibility. In contrast to 1984, for government bodies to intercept data, there is ...

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16th October 2024

The Evolution of Connectivity – Exploring 5G DAS

As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the demand for faster and more reliable communication networks is ever-growing. Enter 5G, the fifth generation of wireless technology, promising unprecedented speeds, reduced latency, and better ...

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6th August 2024

#IWD2024: Inspiring Inclusion and Promoting Change

Written collectively by the female voices of Mpirical… As individuals immersed in this dynamic field, we strive to empower ourselves and industry colleagues through education and professional development, knowing that our contributions play a vital ...

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7th March 2024

Network Slicing and Private Wireless

Where private wireless networks based on 4G or 5G technology have seen significant investment and growth in recent years, we can’t exactly say the same about network slicing. The 5G network slicing concept is sound – build a logical 5G network ...

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20th February 2024

Open RAN – Myth vs Reality

Open RAN can be a divisive topic at times, with staunch advocates extolling the virtues of an Open RAN solution, whilst a significant contingent of industry players either reserving judgement or simply planting their feet firmly in the “it won’t ...

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20th February 2024

The Impact of NTN on Mobile Networks

The impact of 5G NTN (Non-Terrestrial Networks on mobile networks is significant and multifaceted, offering new dimensions of connectivity, coverage, and capabilities. 5G NTN encompasses the integration of satellite and aerial platforms, such as ...

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20th February 2024

5G Vs. Wi-Fi as a Private Wireless Network Solution

Private 5G and Wi-Fi are two key technologies used for private wireless connectivity, each with distinct advantages and areas of application. 5G stands out for its ability to deliver high-speed, low-latency communication over larger distances, ...

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20th February 2024

Cloud Technology and Future Mobile Networks

It is becoming increasingly clear that the future of mobile networks is intrinsically linked with cloud computing. This relationship is highlighted by the transition towards the cloud-native approach of 5G. The core of this integration lies in the ...

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20th February 2024

The Impact of 5G ROI on Future-G Investment 

The rollout of 5G has been more of a slow burn than a big bang and it may be some time before we see its full potential. This slower pace can be attributed to a variety of global challenges, including the impacts of the pandemic, geopolitical ...

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20th February 2024

The Role of 5G Within Industry 4.0

On the whole, the global manufacturing industry is seeing a fundamental change as it experiences the fourth industrial revolution or “Industry 4.0”. 5G is considered to be a potential key enabler, since many of the facets of Industry 4.0 such as ...

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20th February 2024

5G New Security Challenges

The development and implementation of 5G has gone hand in hand with discussion surrounding the enhancement of security for mobile networks. This has seen security led collaboration between 3GPP, ETSI, and IEFT standards outlining a new ...

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20th February 2024

How Close Are We to Industry 5.0? 

Industry 5.0 is gaining traction and evolving, although its implementation and widespread adoption vary by region, industry, and organizational readiness. Industry 5.0 is not a fixed point to reach but a continuous evolution that builds upon the ...

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20th February 2024

What is a Neutral Host Network?

Mitigating the costs of RAN deployment In 5G, the capital cost of deploying the 5G NG-RAN is significant, particularly with higher frequency bands such as mmWave (Millimeter Wave), which will require significant investment in small cell deployments ...

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16th January 2024

5G NTN (Non Terrestrial Networks)

As the CW’s International Conference (CWIC) draws closer it is interesting to see the great line up of topics; it is truly “From the Moon to the Deep Blue Sea”. As such, I thought I’d provide a little background for NTN, particularly in the context ...

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29th November 2023

Navigating Cellular – The Evolution of Vulnerabilities from 3G to 5G

In the ever-evolving landscape of telecommunications, the transition from 3G to 5G has not only promised faster speeds, high reliability, and lower latency. It has also introduced new layers of complexity and, consequently, vulnerabilities. As we ...

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27th October 2023

A Timeline from 1G to 5G: The Evolution of Mobile Communication

In the past few decades, mobile communication has witnessed remarkable advancements, transforming the way we connect, communicate, and access information. From the early days of brick-sized mobile phones with limited capabilities to today’s sleek ...

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11th August 2023

Mpirical Quarterly – April-June 2023

Prefer to read it as a PDF? Click here. (Note, some interactivity may be disabled.) Sit back, relax and have a read of our Quarterly, containing technical articles, learning and development tips, and loads of information about our new product ...

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30th June 2023

What is Small Cell Technology?

Small cell technology refers to a type of wireless communication infrastructure that is designed to enhance network capacity and coverage in areas with high user density or limited space. It involves the deployment of small, low-powered cellular ...

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9th June 2023

Embracing the Power of 5G: Enhancing Learning in the Digital Age

In this fast-paced digital era, it’s crucial to explore the latest technologies that can revolutionise education. In this post, we dive into the potential of 5G networks and how they can enhance learning experiences for the modern-day student. Ready ...

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24th May 2023

AI and 5G Use Cases – How AI Uplifts 5G Technology

AI and 5G use cases AI (Artificial Intelligence) and 5G are two of the most transformative technologies of our time. In combination, they have the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work. In this blog post, we will explore the link ...

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17th April 2023

Mpirical Quarterly – January-March 2023

Prefer to read as a PDF? Click here. (Note, interactivity may be disabled.) An interactive roundup of content we’ve covered this last quarter – and a preview of what’s to come!

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31st March 2023

What is 5G? Everything You Need to Know (Part 2)

In Part 1 of our “Everything You Need to Know” article on 5G, we explored a number of basic areas: 5G’s driving factors, Non-Standalone vs Standalone 5G, the progress of 5G’s rollout, 5G coverage and the notion of public and private 5G. In Part 2 ...

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14th March 2023

What is 5G? Everything You Need to Know

5G continues to hit the headlines across the cellular space and with 5G-Advanced on the horizon, will undoubtedly continue to do so until the impending launch of 6G (don’t get too excited, it’s some way off yet). In reality however, there’s a ...

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30th January 2023

Mpirical Training Delivery: Which method is right for me?

As we enter 2023 with what we’ll refer to as ‘cautious optimism’ for increased travel, fewer restrictions, and an overall more hopeful outlook for embracing in-person events, we thought we’d recap our delivery options to help you make the most ...

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11th January 2023

Mpirical Quarterly – October-December 2022

Prefer to read as a PDF? Click here. (Note, interactivity may be disabled.) Welcome to the final Quarterly of 2022! We hope that you have enjoyed sifting through these pages with us as we recap all the innovative learning content we’ve launched in ...

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23rd December 2022

5G Cloud Native

With such a lot of focus around Standalone 5G deployment recently, we thought we’d focus this month on some of the terminology that’s often used for deploying 5G on a cloud infrastructure. 5G Cloud Native – Microservices and Containers 5G was ...

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30th November 2022

Minimizing Handover Failures in 5G

Whilst working with various 5G service providers, it has been great to see them incorporate enhanced features to minimize handover failures in their 5G Standalone deployments. One such feature relates to the term “conditional handover”. There are ...

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10th October 2022

Mpirical Quarterly – July- September 2022

Prefer to read as a PDF? Click here. (Note, interactivity may be disabled.) 5G continues to make waves (forgive the pun) across the telecoms sphere, with Private 5G being the talk of the town – including our very own Telecoms Town! New updates to ...

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30th September 2022

2G and 3G Drawdown

With more and more service providers finally switching on their 5G standalone networks, not to mention the increasing chatter and speculation as to what 6G will actually be, it is easy to forget that in many countries 2G and 3G networks are still ...

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22nd August 2022

Controlling Devices with UE Policy

Back in November 2021, one of the first network slicing proof of concepts was carried out in which Android end devices supported a new(ish) 5G feature known as URSP (UE Route Selection Policy). Since then, we’ve seen a relatively limited amount of ...

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25th July 2022

Mpirical Quarterly – April – June 2022

From a state-of-the-art immersive training application that takes you inside a world of wireless connections, to updates to some of our most popular technology courses, this quarter is one of our most exciting yet. We hope you enjoy reading all ...

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28th June 2022

Building a Telecoms World – NetXplore

For several months my world, as Digital Media Manager come world builder, has been designing and creating our brand-new training tool – NetXplore. It was back at the tail end of 2021 that discussions started on building a new, unique tool to aid ...

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24th June 2022

RedCap

With the finalization of 3GPP Release 17 comes the standardization of RedCap (Reduced Capabilities) devices, sometimes called “NR-Lite”. The concept of RedCap relates to the specific use-cases that don’t fall clearly in one of the original 5G ...

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14th June 2022

5G Network Data Analytics

Since our last blog on this area, the 3GPP standards supporting 5G network data analytics have moved on quite considerably so it’s worth pausing for a moment to see what’s changed. If you didn’t know before reading this, network analytics is set to ...

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3rd May 2022

On the Road to 6G – Part 2

Part 2 – IMT 2030 and 6G In last month’s blog, we briefly reviewed the status of global mobile subscriptions before discussing the latest iteration of the 5G specifications from the 3GPP – Release 18 or 5G Advanced. In Part 2, we shall endeavor to ...

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1st April 2022

On the Road to 6G – Part 1

Part 1 – 5G Advanced As we step into 2025, discussions surrounding the future of mobile telecommunications and 6G continue to gain momentum. However, we still find ourselves managing multiple generations of technology: 2G (GSM & GPRS), 3G ...

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21st March 2022

Mpirical Quarterly – December – February 2022

Discover what we’ve been working on behind the scenes these last few months to make your learning experience better than ever. From new learning tools to new 5G training courses, sit back and read all about it in the latest Mpirical Quarterly. ...

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25th February 2022

5G Anonymity and the SUCI

Across all generations of cellular technology, the notion of a temporary identity has been used to protect the anonymity of the end user. The idea behind this is that the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) that is used to uniquely ...

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24th January 2022

Keeping up with Training Demands in 2022

‘Time is money’ as the saying goes… and when it comes to investing in training for your teams, we couldn’t agree more. In a world where time is such a precious commodity, we sometimes struggle to justify how much of it we spend on training and ...

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4th January 2022

5G Advanced – RAN Enhancements

Whilst many service providers are currently deploying and optimizing their 5G NR (New Radio) networks using 3GPP Release 15/16 compliant equipment, 3GPP is pressing on finalizing Release 17 (2022) with eyes now focused on Release 18 “5G Advanced”. ...

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1st December 2021

Mpirical Quarterly – August – October 2021

Find out how the continued evolution of 5G is shaping our world. From use cases to the social impact of 5G release, get up to speed on the latest trending 5G topics and telecoms training courses from Mpirical. Read on… Prefer to read as a pdf? Click ...

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22nd October 2021

5G. Will it Break the Technology Social Norm?

Globally, as a society, we are clearly at a stage where our predominant form of electronic communication is through mobile technology. More notably, the Internet. We no longer have simple human-to-human communication but also machine-to-machine ...

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27th September 2021

How to Keep up the Learning Momentum Post-Lockdown

At the height of the Covid pandemic in 2020, online learning figures spiked as lockdown gave us an ideal time to reflect and reevaluate our personal goals. Now that a sense of normality appears to have returned to the world, what can be said for all ...

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3rd September 2021

Improving the Digital Divide with 5G

Out of the 176 operators that have launched 5G services currently only 14 commercially support 5G SA (Standalone) operation. These Standalone 5G networks mainly utilize Mid Band frequencies, with the most common being deployed using the 3.5GHz band ...

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24th August 2021

Use Cases in 5G

The telecoms industry is always changing by the constant evolution of technology. From 2G, 3G and 4G, through to 5G, we are expecting to see an even greater acceleration as we witness an increased need for communication services, tools for remote ...

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23rd July 2021

Mpirical Quarterly: April-June 2021

In this edition of the Mpirical Quarterly, we invite you to explore this exciting time with us as we look ahead to the future — celebrating company growth, the addition of new telecoms training courses to our online portfolio, and offering ...

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30th June 2021

Open RAN is Open for Debate

When you start to dig into the details of Open RAN, on paper it very quickly becomes a compelling proposition. The notion of having an open, disaggregated Radio Access Network which, crucially, is fully standardized is hard to ignore. Surely, with ...

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18th June 2021

5G Security when Roaming – Part 2

Last month we introduced the topic of security when roaming in 5G and in so doing set out the network architecture and introduced the key functions that are involved. Furthermore, we also focused in on the authentication process which has been ...

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21st May 2021

5G Security when Roaming – Part 1

For the past 25 years or so, we have taken it for granted that we can jump on a plane, travel to foreign lands and when we arrive, simply connect to a local network, and continue to use our phones. This capability is down to a number of factors not ...

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22nd April 2021

Standalone 5G Networks

According to the GSA (Global Mobile Suppliers Association), there are now 176 service providers who have deployed 5G technology on a commercial basis. Of those networks, 145 are offering mobile 5G services and 51 are offering 5G FWA (Fixed Wireless ...

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31st March 2021

Why A Good Learning Culture is More Important Than Ever

The pandemic has shaken almost every industry in the world in so many ways, and as we navigate our way through (and hopefully out of) it, there is a lot to consider about the lasting effect on our organisations and our employees. Professional ...

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18th March 2021

Enhancing 5G deployments with DSS (Dynamic Spectrum Sharing)

A key part of deploying 5G NR (New Radio) is identifying the radio spectrum to utilize. DSS (Dynamic Spectrum Sharing) has been a hot topic over the early deployments of 5G, enabling some service providers to utilize existing 4G LTE spectrum. The ...

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8th March 2021

Building ITT Studios, our brand-new video recording space

For the past 6 years we have been recording video-based OnlineAnytime content in our original studio, which has served us well. In 2020 however we decided it was time to invest in a brand-new video studio, a space that would allow us to create new ...

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25th January 2021

Reducing Risk through Network Analytics

Defined by the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) as one of the three usage scenarios for 5G, MMTC (Massive Machine Type Communications) or MIoT (Massive Internet of Things) is likely to be the catalyst for the transition of mobile networks ...

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20th January 2021

Mpirical Quarterly – Aug 20 – Oct 20

Through our mission to deliver the gold standard of training across the telecoms industry, we’ve spent the last quarter investigating exactly what those needs are. The result: a fascinating report on Learning and Development in Telecoms, looking at ...

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4th November 2020

Delivering 5G Voice Services – Part 2

Despite the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, 5G deployment has continued at a considerable pace, with over 120 5G networks now offering commercial services. Of that number however, relatively few are full Standalone 5G networks, with the remainder based ...

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23rd October 2020

Integrated Access and Backhaul for 5G

The roll-out of 5G services worldwide has reignited the requirement for small cells to provide targeted capacity and coverage. However, the practical implementation of deploying small cells and the required transport network infrastructure to ...

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7th September 2020

Mpirical Quarterly – May-July 20

We know you can’t always stay tuned with the latest news, course releases and great new features coming out of our LearningZone, so that’s why we’ve pulled together all the updates from the last few months so you won’t miss a thing! Welcome to this ...

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17th August 2020

Non Terrestrial Networks and 5G

For the past 25 years, I have found myself looking up at the cell towers sitting atop buildings or by the side of the road, observing the many different antenna and feeder configurations. Much to the embarrassment of my now grown up children, who ...

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12th June 2020

5G and Satellite Communications

Even with the deployment of 5G networks, terrestrial coverage still remains to be a challenge and being able to connect the remaining unconnected populations is complex and potentially costly. Providing additional coverage to those hard to reach ...

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29th May 2020

Mpirical Quarterly – Jan-April 2020

Welcome to the first edition of Mpirical Quarterly 2020. It’s been an interesting start to the year in more ways than one, and as we all adjust to a remote life, we’ve been working hard to ensure your learning remains uncompromised. Since January ...

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1st May 2020

How to succeed at remote learning

As remote living becomes the new norm, the world is navigating what that means for many aspects of our daily lives, including work, social interactions and education. But the latter is no novelty to many. The Rise of Remote Learning Online learning ...

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17th April 2020

5 ways a good LMS can benefit learning

Continued learning is a must for professionals and with online training being one of the preferred ways to learn, something that is key to aid this is a good Learning Management System (LMS). There are a whole host of LMS out there but if it isn’t a ...

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8th April 2020

5G Radio Spectrum and WRC-19

Following the successful launch of 5G Non Standalone (NSA), mobile service providers are now focusing on Standalone (SA) 5G. A key part of their future roadmap to support ultra-low latency and very high bit-rate applications depends on the ...

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27th March 2020

The Challenges for 5G and Transport Networks

A number of challenges face service providers with regards to being able to meet the 5G requirements. These challenges include a network bandwidth that doubles every 18 months and connected device numbers that double every 24 months. In order to ...

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13th March 2020

Online Training – the greener way to learn

In our ever moving, ever developing world it has never been more important to keep your staff or, indeed, yourself up to speed with relevant training. It has also never been more important to reduce your carbon footprint and develop a greener way of ...

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28th February 2020

5G Architecture

With the advent of a new cellular technology comes the realization that for many mobile network engineers, a whole raft of new acronyms and concepts will have to be learned. 5G is no exception, with pretty much the entire architecture anew, at least ...

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21st February 2020

Shared Access – Driving Innovation in the UK with Local Spectrum Licencing

In a bid to support innovation, Ofcom, the regulatory authority in the United Kingdom, have set about issuing two new licensing options to make available underutilized radio spectrum. In one of our previous blogs, my colleague Gavin Mitchell ...

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14th February 2020

Beyond 5G – Network 2030

Even before the ink has dried on the latest specifications for 5G, international groups and organisations are gathering, organising summits and holding meetings to discuss and identify a network technology that will be suitable for the 2030s; 6G. ...

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31st January 2020

AI and its Significance to 5G

Perhaps not too surprisingly, news coming out of Las Vegas last week (CES 2020) tended to focus on the mass rollout and uptake in 5G, and the evolution of ML (Machine Learning) and AI (Artificial Intelligence) as it begins to encompass all aspects ...

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17th January 2020

Private 5G Networks

Private 5G networks are a topical area at the moment, no doubt fuelled by the successes of LTE in private network deployments. This is particularly relevant to the U.S.A., where Private LTE has been deployed within the 3.5GHz CBRS (Citizen’s ...

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3rd January 2020

10 Challenges for 5G

5G is here and depending on where you are in the world, it’s potentially been with you for some time now. For the majority of mobile service providers however, the journey has only just begun or may not even be on the horizon. Challenges for 5G ...

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20th December 2019

Mission Critical Services

The provision of reliable and guaranteed communications between first responders is essential in ensuring that people are kept safe and damage is avoided, or where possible mitigated. This reliable and guaranteed communication is referred to as MC ...

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6th December 2019

Are all 5G Non-Standalone deployments using only small cells?

The number of 5G Non Standalone (NSA) deployments has increased with more service providers moving into 5G. Whilst some focus on standalone operation, the ones deploying 5G NSA have various challenges when it comes to the Radio Frequency (RF) bands ...

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22nd November 2019

What is the Future for our 2G and 3G Networks?

With the UK’s mobile service providers now rolling out 5G, a question that arises is for how long will they still need to support their legacy 2G and 3G networks and just how simple will it be to turn them off? Over the past couple of months, I have ...

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8th November 2019

Blockchain and 5G

Blockchain has a number of key capabilities that could be of benefit to a 5G network deployment. Combining blockchain and 5G technologies will enable the benefits of both to be leveraged to great effect. Authentication One of the key characteristics ...

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25th October 2019

Wireline Access in 5G

As 5G begins to be deployed in earnest, it is plain to see that it is much more than a simple upgrade to the current 4G mobile networks. The three fundamental pillars of 5G; eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband), MMTC (Massive Machine Type ...

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7th October 2019

5G ATSSS

In LTE, the capability to utilize both 3GPP and Non-3GPP access networks has been there from the early days of the technology. As LTE matured, so too did the techniques available for manipulating how data should be split and transferred over each ...

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27th September 2019

5G V2X and Autonomous Vehicles

Future vehicles will not only be connected, they will also be autonomous. These connected and autonomous vehicles will require a new ecosystem with specific requirements capable of supporting new workloads and satisfying real-time requirements. This ...

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13th September 2019

MEC and 5G

If the media driven hype around 5G is anything to go by, it’s going to be a matter of time before we’ll be queuing up to have hair transplants performed by a remote surgeon (at least I will be anyway), or having pizza delivered by a 5G connected ...

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8th July 2019

Wi-Fi 6 and OFDMA

Within the cellular world, OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) has been in operation since the introduction of 4G or more specifically, LTE (Long Term Evolution) as part of the Release 8 3GPP technical specifications. However, in ...

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26th June 2019

We exhibited at 5G World

Mpirical at the 5G World event, held at the ExCel, London. The 5G World event was a great opportunity for telecommunications professionals to better understand how 5G is changing the industry. The presentations at the event covered a wide range of ...

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19th June 2019

From Albania to Zimbabwe – Telecoms Training has Changed

Since the launch of Mpirical in 2002, we have seen significant changes in not just the technology we train people on; 3G, 4G and 5G, but also the methodologies we adopt in doing so. This has never been more evident than today as the next generation ...

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29th April 2019

Delivering 5G Voice Services - Part 1

With 5G imminently about to be commercially realised, a key aspect of the network which must be addressed is the notion of voice services and 5G. Currently, voice is essentially delivered via the CS (Circuit Switched) domain for 2G and 3G, and via ...

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25th February 2019

Femto Cells

A Femto Cell is traditionally considered to be a customer-owned base station. Typically situated in a house or small business, a Femto Cell, also referred to as a Small Cell, is able to provide targeted network coverage, which significantly ...

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21st February 2019

What is VoWi-Fi?

The term VoWi-Fi (Voice over Wi-Fi) can be used to describe a number of scenarios in which a telephony service is supported using the wireless technology Wi-Fi. Examples could include using the applications Skype or FaceTime on a mobile or tablet ...

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21st February 2019

V2X

V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) aims to provide real-time, extremely reliable and actionable information that will facilitate a safer and more environmentally friendly transport network. It will achieve this by reducing the number of vehicle collisions, ...

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12th February 2019

Background to NSA

In terms of initial deployments for 5G networks, the general consensus in the mobile telecoms industry was that standards-compliant 5G networks were expected to be deployed by around 2020. However, for many in the industry 2020 wasn’t early enough; ...

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29th November 2018

5G is almost here…

Unlike previous generations it is predicted that 5G will transform the role that telecommunications technology has adopted over the years. There is an expectation that it will enable economic growth1 and facilitate further digitisation of what will ...

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25th November 2018

The Dark Side of AI: What Potential Negative Impact can AI have on 5G?

AI has globally seen a significant level of hype, growth, and investment with many businesses and employees utilising it to support their day-to-day operations. Within the telecoms sector, we see mobile operators such as Ericsson, Huawei, and Nokia ...

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22nd April 2014