HSPA+
High Speed Packet Access+
HSPA+ was defined as part of the 3GPP Release 7 specifications. HSPA+ employs MIMO technologies and higher order modulation to enhance the uplink and downlink data rates of the 3G packet channels. HSPA+ also introduces an optional all-IP architecture for the network, where base stations are directly connected to IP based backhaul and then to the ISP ‘s edge routers known as GGSN s.